NKX3.1 is a nuclear transcription factor and a negative regulator of the growth of prostatic epithelial cells. Its mRNA transcription level is regulated by androgens and plays an important role in the occurrence and differentiation of prostate organs and the maintenance of the function of mature organs. NKX3.1 has high sensitivity and specificity in benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer, and can be used as one of the specific markers to distinguish prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia and non prostate cancer. It is also expressed in mucous glands of testis, ureter and pulmonary bronchus.