Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is an antibody-based technique that detects antigens of interest in fixed tissue
sections, often visualized by light microscopy (see figure below). In this multi-step application,
staining is highly influenced by multiple variables. High-quality reagents and optimized protocols are
key for generating accurate expression, localization and distribution data. Our complete line of IHC
products and scientific resources will help you produce valid, reproducible results you can trust.

IHC Detection Methods. As illustrated above, enzymatic conversion of a chromogen substrate is required
to visualize an antigen in traditional IHC experiments. Fluorescence detection is an alternative method
that is more suitable for multicolor experiments due to the broad availability of fluorochromes and the
emergence of high contrast imaging. Read more about IHC detection methods.
IHC Primary Antibodies
The most critical factor to achieve successful staining is selecting an antibody that specifically binds
the target antigen.nbsp;
Secondary Antibodies and Detection Reagents
In indirect detection, a labeled secondary antibody (fluorescent, enzymatic, biotin, etc.) and,
in some cases, a third layer for signal amplification is required to detect the antigen-primary antibody
complex. Compared to directly labeled primary antibodies, indirect detection is more sensitive and vital
for effective identification of low abundance antigens, rare epitopes, and under conditions of nonoptimal
antigen-antibody binding. Read more about detection methods.